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| SFReader Forums > SFReader > Ask The Expert > Why is the Sky blue? | Forum Quick Jump
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 |  Frank Adept

       Date Joined Aug 2005 Total Posts : 630 | Posted 6/15/2007 1:01 PM (GMT -5) |   | Wavelength, that's why. Tiny particles of dust and vapor scatter the sunlight. The blue end of the spectrum is at a slightly higher frenquency than the red end, meaning the wavelength at the frequency we call blue has more energy than the red wavelength, and so blue light bounces around more than red light does. All of the colors are there being scattered about, but blue light is scattered more. That's why we see a predominantly blue atmosphere. Same is true in water.
The atmospheres of other planets are tinted because the air is thick with the dust of various elements and compounds, changing the color of what would normally be a blue sky, if the air was as clean as on earth. Mars, for example, has a peachy sky because the turbulent atmosphere kicks up a lot of iron-oxide from the ground. The rust-colored surface is transfered to the air because of ceaseless 200 mile-an-hour winds. If the Martian air were tranquil enough to let the dust settle, her sky would be as blue as ours. Even though the Martian atmosphere is very thin by human standards, the density of the air is still enough to fling the Martian soil around continually and to very high altitude. A human standing unprotected on the surface of Mars would barely feel a light breeze (before asphyxiating) yet the sky remains pink and orange.
I'm not sure exactly why the winds of mars are so active. It could have to do with the solar wind constantly battering the planet because of her lack of a magnetic field to protect against it. Mars is magnetically dead because her interior is no longer as hot as earth's. Her small size means the internal heat caused by radioactive decay in the core and mantle has been exhausted. This is probably why Mars today is a dead world (geologically and biologically). In her distant past she may have been much warmer and had a much thicker atmosphere that has been gradually lost to space.
Of course, clean air is a relative term. We complain about the quality of our air all the time but in fact it is far cleaner than the atmospheres of many other worlds. The surface of Saturn's moon, Titan, is constantly hidden beneath a thick smog of hydrocarbons that must be renewed by some process, otherwise her slight gravity and lack of magentic field would've unshrouded her long ago.
But even on earth, dust is everywhere. About ten percent of the dust on your roof is of interplanetary and interstellar origin because millions of tons of dust particles are constantly raining down on our planet from the space around us. The remaining ninety percent of the dust outside is composed of wind-blown sand dunes, bits of weathered rock, and volcanic ash. (Inside your house, the dust is quite different, being composed mainly of your own dead skin.)
If there was very little or no dust or vapor in our air to reflect and scatter light, the sun and stars would shine in a black sky all the time, as on the moon, and the shade under a tree or the shadow of a building would be dark as night. | | Back to Top | | |
  |  Frank Adept

       Date Joined Aug 2005 Total Posts : 630 | Posted 6/15/2007 2:27 PM (GMT -5) |   | Responses like that one are why I keep coming back to this forum.
Smart-asses, the lot of you! | | Back to Top | | |
        |  Frank Adept

       Date Joined Aug 2005 Total Posts : 630 | Posted 6/18/2007 11:14 AM (GMT -5) |   | Some gases, like ozone and others, can contribute to (or even dominate) the tint of an atmosphere, as in the case of Titan. But it takes a very high percentage of the total gases to have an effect on the overall color. The percent of ozone varies between 0.0008 and 0.000004% of our atmosphere (by volume, I don't know what the figure is by mass), not enough to influence the color of our air. The nitrogen/oxygen (78%/21%) atmosphere of earth is very nearly colorless, allowing the dust aloft in the air to produce an unadulterated blue.
Carbon dioxide, that nasty green house gas (though methane is worse) makes up less than 0.4% of our atmosphere. Compare that to Venus with 97% CO2 and Mars with 95% CO2. (Yikes!) | | Back to Top | | |
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