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Hermit
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   Posted 6/15/2007 11:40 AM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Seriously. Why?
I've been brainstorming on a sci-fi world and began thinking about the color of the sky and what creates that color/effect. I think I understood at one time how the atmosphere affects how we see the sky, but I'm having trouble recalling the details.
What would make for different colored skies on various planets? Assuming of course the atmosphere is not so thick as to totally obscure the sky.
 
And then there's the problem of moons . . .


Exile of my own dull vice. . .

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Frank
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   Posted 6/15/2007 1:01 PM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Wavelength, that's why. Tiny particles of dust and vapor scatter the sunlight. The blue end of the spectrum is at a slightly higher frenquency than the red end, meaning the wavelength at the frequency we call blue has more energy than the red wavelength, and so blue light bounces around more than red light does. All of the colors are there being scattered about, but blue light is scattered more. That's why we see a predominantly blue atmosphere. Same is true in water.

The atmospheres of other planets are tinted because the air is thick with the dust of various elements and compounds, changing the color of what would normally be a blue sky, if the air was as clean as on earth. Mars, for example, has a peachy sky because the turbulent atmosphere kicks up a lot of iron-oxide from the ground. The rust-colored surface is transfered to the air because of ceaseless 200 mile-an-hour winds. If the Martian air were tranquil enough to let the dust settle, her sky would be as blue as ours. Even though the Martian atmosphere is very thin by human standards, the density of the air is still enough to fling the Martian soil around continually and to very high altitude. A human standing unprotected on the surface of Mars would barely feel a light breeze (before asphyxiating) yet the sky remains pink and orange.

I'm not sure exactly why the winds of mars are so active. It could have to do with the solar wind constantly battering the planet because of her lack of a magnetic field to protect against it. Mars is magnetically dead because her interior is no longer as hot as earth's. Her small size means the internal heat caused by radioactive decay in the core and mantle has been exhausted. This is probably why Mars today is a dead world (geologically and biologically). In her distant past she may have been much warmer and had a much thicker atmosphere that has been gradually lost to space.
 
Of course, clean air is a relative term. We complain about the quality of our air all the time but in fact it is far cleaner than the atmospheres of many other worlds. The surface of Saturn's moon, Titan, is constantly hidden beneath a thick smog of hydrocarbons that must be renewed by some process, otherwise her slight gravity and lack of magentic field would've unshrouded her long ago.
 
But even on earth, dust is everywhere. About ten percent of the dust on your roof is of interplanetary and interstellar origin because millions of tons of dust particles are constantly raining down on our planet from the space around us. The remaining ninety percent of the dust outside is composed of wind-blown sand dunes, bits of weathered rock, and volcanic ash. (Inside your house, the dust is quite different, being composed mainly of your own dead skin.)
 
If there was very little or no dust or vapor in our air to reflect and scatter light, the sun and stars would shine in a black sky all the time, as on the moon, and the shade under a tree or the shadow of a building would be dark as night.
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Daniel
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   Posted 6/15/2007 2:11 PM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Dude, you don't know about Orgone?!  Get yourself an accumulator! Aim it at soemone you love!
 
 
 
 
rofl  


Daniel

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Frank
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   Posted 6/15/2007 2:27 PM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Responses like that one are why I keep coming back to this forum.

Smart-asses, the lot of you!
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Jordan Lapp
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   Posted 6/15/2007 3:02 PM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
It seems weird to refer to Mars as a "her", especially because Mars was the >definitely< male god of war.

And that's all I have to say....


Jordan Lapp
 
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Daniel
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   Posted 6/15/2007 4:10 PM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Frank,

I figured your response had all of the meaningful info needed (excellent job, btw), so I decided to slap on some zaniness..... I know bitterhermit likes zany.

For future reference, I know now who to go to for astronomical (or meteorological?) advice!

;-)  


Daniel

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Frank
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   Posted 6/15/2007 4:24 PM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Wavelength has an effect on many little everyday things. Like being stuck behind a powerful car stereo while sitting at a traffic light. The reason why you can hear (and feel) the bass better than the driver of the car from which that sound is emanating is because the shape of the sound wave at that frequency is nine feet long. He's sitting only five or six feet from his own subwoofer, being only partially affected, while you are a little further away, enabling the full nine-foot wave to wash over you (or through you). That's why you can hear his bass better than he can.
 
It's the same reason the electronics salesman told you to place your home theatre's subwoofer at least nine feet from the couch, so you can actually appreciate all that bass.
 
That's also why, if you live in an apartment complex, your neighbors hate you and your subwoofer: because the bedroom two floors above or below you is vibrating in the full effect of your subwoofer while you, sitting six feet from it in your puny apartment livingroom, are complaining that the damn thing doesn't work.
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Hermit
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   Posted 6/15/2007 8:11 PM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Cool. Thanks for the education, guys!
 
Dan, very interesting article. Did you notice that the FBI synopsis claims that he was innocent of violating statues (as oposed to statutes). So communism is now linked to sculpture molestation? Wow. And I thought that was the sole pervue of us anarchists (or is that antichrists?) devil


Exile of my own dull vice. . .

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Daniel
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   Posted 6/16/2007 10:54 AM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Did you notice that the FBI synopsis claims that he was innocent of violating statues (as oposed to statutes). So communism is now linked to sculpture molestation?

***

That editor's eye!!! Good catch!

Funny stuff ;-)


Daniel

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Alan of The Word
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   Posted 6/18/2007 7:30 AM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
I'm further edumacated. Aware as I am of blue/red shift in light, I always thought the blue sky thing was due to ozone in the atmosphere. I must have heard it once as a kid and it stuck!

Thanks.

(I wonder how much "knowledge" falls into that category! confused )


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crystalwizard
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   Posted 6/18/2007 10:04 AM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
going farther with that blue sky, pay attention to what color most plants are. Green. Because that's the color of light they don't absorb. They need blue (and some need red) light for photosynthesis. What would happen to the plants if you managed to color the sky orange?


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Frank
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   Posted 6/18/2007 11:14 AM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Some gases, like ozone and others, can contribute to (or even dominate) the tint of an atmosphere, as in the case of Titan. But it takes a very high percentage of the total gases to have an effect on the overall color. The percent of ozone varies between 0.0008 and 0.000004% of our atmosphere (by volume, I don't know what the figure is by mass), not enough to influence the color of our air. The nitrogen/oxygen (78%/21%) atmosphere of earth is very nearly colorless, allowing the dust aloft in the air to produce an unadulterated blue.

Carbon dioxide, that nasty green house gas (though methane is worse) makes up less than 0.4% of our atmosphere. Compare that to Venus with 97% CO2 and Mars with 95% CO2. (Yikes!)
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David Boultbee
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   Posted 8/16/2007 2:12 PM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
Frank said...
Wavelength, that's why. Tiny particles of dust and vapor scatter the sunlight. The blue end of the spectrum is at a slightly higher frenquency than the red end, meaning the wavelength at the frequency we call blue has more energy than the red wavelength, and so blue light bounces around more than red light does. All of the colors are there being scattered about, but blue light is scattered more. That's why we see a predominantly blue atmosphere.
That's also why Sunsets & Sunrises are different colours.
 
 
During sunrise and sunset, the Sun’s light must pass a greater distance through the atmosphere in order to reach our eyes because instead of dropping directly through the atmosphere, it reaches the Earth at an angle. The same scattering effect on the blue light, also takes place, but the blue light is unable to pass through the extra distance and reach our eyes. This leaves only the red light which passes, unhindered through the atmosphere and reaches our eyes in a direct line with little or no scattering
.
 
 
 


David Boultbee
 
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john a karr
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   Posted 8/23/2007 10:24 AM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
I'm far from an expert, but I read where the blue of earth's atmosphere is created by the amount of oxygen and nitrogen in the air. Is this not the case?

It would also explain why other planets are not blue, and why Mars would not appear blue even if its winds calmed down and did not kick up dust


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crystalwizard
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   Posted 8/24/2007 2:10 PM (GMT -5)    Quote This PostAlert An Admin About This Post.
It's the case.

This is why:

The blue light waves are what bounce and hit your eyes. That's how you see any color. The chemical structure of an object absorbs certain frequencies of light and bounces other. When you look at something red, what you are seeing is the redwaves being bounced off of it.

So the chemical composition of the air has everything to do with what wavelengths of light are going to bounce. Colder air results in a deep blue, hot air in a washed out blue, dust and other pollutants in various shades of green or brown because those factors all have an effect on what frequencies are absorbed and which make it to your eyes.


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